Human Health Risks And Socio Economic Problems Associated...

2.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES Petroleum E P Activities are characterized by all forms of environmental impacts at different levels of its operations ranging from exploration, development and production, transportation and distribution, marketing, decommissioning and rehabilitation. At the exploration phase, there are the disturbances of forest and ground surface from related activities such as site clearance, construction of roads, tank farms, brine pits and pipelines and other land modifications necessary for the drilling of exploration and production wells and construction of production facilities (Kharaka and Dorsey 2005). According to Christen (2004) some of the environmental problems associated with petroleum E P activities include oil spills, gas flaring and venting, discharges of petroleum derived chemicals wastes, contamination of controlled water sources, contamination of soil and sediments, the destruction of the farmland and the marine environment. The major environmental issues arose primarily from the improper disposal of large volumes of petroleum derived hazardous waste streams, such as oil and toxic sludge (Eweje, 2006 and Aniefiok et al 2013), equipment failure, oil spills/operational discharges and sabotage of petroleum facilities (Asthana and Asthane 2003). All these have grave effects on all aspects of the environmental media, creating lots ofShow MoreRelatedDifferent Definitions Of Key Terms1220 Words   |  5 Pagescontains substantial quantities of nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen together with smaller amounts of nickel, vanadium, and numerous components. 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Public Policy Process And Analysis - 1225 Words

Clemson University Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance Book Review Michelle Walls Public Policy Process and Analysis PADM 8220-400 Mark D. Mellott, PhD December 9, 2014 Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance Book Review North starts off by affirming that institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction. He then studies institutions, their changes, and the effect on economic routine over time. The book is separated into three sections and the main goal is to explain ways in which institutions and institutional change affect the performance of economies focusing on an issue of primary importance-economic performance through time. The author is cautious to make the division among institutions and organizations. Although they are different, both are works of the organizational basis that supports social collaboration. Institutions can be considered the guidelines of the game and governments can be reflected as the actors, as stated previously. The purpose is to explain the way that the game is played. Organizations are clusters of individuals who work toward a common objective or goal with common interests. Political parties, church es, schools, unions, and government agencies are all illustrations of organizations. The text studies organizations mainly as the agent for institutional change with importance on the relationship between the playersShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis of the Policy Making Process in Public Administration3090 Words   |  13 Pagesdemocratic elections lots of laws and policies have been changed as well. When a policy is being made it will always involve interaction between the population and the institutions that have to perform the policy making functions. 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Managing Human Capital Assignment free essay sample

Some are Big and others have few employees, some are very sophisticated technologically, while other have specific ways of doing things. These are factors that affect the way of managing the organization. (ABE, 2008) All organisations operate in a specific environment and are affected by what happens around them. The outside factors that effect the way how organization manage people are called External Environment Factors, which are: Political Environment Economic environment Social Environment and Technological Environment With increasing competitive pressures from global economy, talented human resources have become critical for achieving competitive advantage in the past decades. Therefore the role of HR managers changed and added value to organizations to achieve business goals. (ABE, 2008) In this study is necessary to take in consideration the roles of HR managers when changes occur in the external environment and how can management be more efficient. And how can HR managers help the organization to achieve competitive advantage. (Dr. Kumar, 2010) 2. External Environment Changes and Role of HR Management 2. 1HR Managers Roles â€Å"Companies now are finding that the HR issues are, in fact, centre stage to business competitiveness. The intellectual capital, core competencies and organizational capabilities are all the pieces that are central to success. † (HARVARD PRESS, 1997) To meet pressures the HR profession has begun to work in new ways of creating value through the function. In the recent years a new model has appeared to provide HR managers with the platform on which to deliver its promise. The new model requires HR to position itself to engage with the business at the right levels, in the right ways. (Hunter, 2004) Hr Managers need to have direct relationship with subordinates. In doing so it has fulfilled a gap in the business – the voice or advocate of the employee. It has achieved the role of facilitator and executor of all people related processes, regardless of whether these were necessary or HR was the most appropriate method of delivery. (Hunter, 2004) 2. 2Human Resources Management are responsible for: -Sizing the workforce -Evaluating the available skills Cost of Labour and the return they produce -Labour turnover rates -Industrial relations -Structuring the organisation – hierarchical -Managing the Time’s sizes -Managing the style of structure to follow -Training and development. 3. 0External Environment Analyse 3. 1PEST 3. 2Political Governments, legislative powers, the legal and regulatory framework applying to business and the public s ector. Also give direction to a country through the way in which they exert control over the economy. Political environment operates in national level but it is influenced by international relations. Organisations must operate within the regulatory environment applicable to the country of origin. (ABE, 2008) 3. 3Economic It is the evaluation of Land, Labour and Capital. It is reflected in form of wages, interest rates, taxations, prices, competitors and level of demand. When an economy is growing, funds tend to be widely available, interest rates will be low and demand Organisations need to understand both the trends in the economic indicators and what these mean for the enterprise in which they are involved. The changes will normally occurs in interest and exchange rates through inflations. ABE, 2008) 3. 4Social Social change involves changes in the nature and norms of society. In particular, Organisations need to understand the trends in demographics and the cultural environment. (ABE, 2008) Demographic Change Demography is the evaluation of population dynamics, which has wide implications for both the nature of the workforce and the markets for goods and services. Overall, the size of populations does not change rapidly, but there can be big fluctuations in its Composition over relatively short periods of time, particularly at a local level. ABE, 2008) Cultural Environment The concept of culture can be difficult to define, but generally it incorporates aspects of peoples beliefs and values, behaviour and thought patterns. Sometimes there are Visible signs of culture, such as a style of dress, the adoption of rituals, ceremonies, Etc, the predominance of a particular religion, for example. Cultural influences are not just at a national level but can also be reflected within regions, ethnic background, class, age or sex. (ABE, 2008) 3. 5Technological Environment and Technological Change The technological environment Changes in production or working methods: for example, machines, computers and production. Changes in technology will effect the staff by minimizing the work force by implementing innovative equipment that can provide the same job with more efficiency and less time, but at the same time more staff in IT departments are required. Improvements in communications: for example, networking of PCs, videoconferencing, and mobile phones all allow more people to work at home and reduce the need for large central offices. It can improve communication by videoconferencing, mobile phones, intranet, etc. (ABE, 2008) Example 1- Swiss watch manufacturer ETA, which by the later 1970s was facing big losses in its market share at the lower and middle levels to manufacturers of electronic watches abroad. At this time, Swiss watch production was still characterised by individual craftsmen producing the many different parts of a watch for central assembly. Although quality standards were the main aim of the organisation, the structure was not able o adopt the new electronics technology. Through careful analysis of the external environment, ETA spotted a gap in the market for well-designed, but inexpensive, watches, which young people would buy as fashion accessories. To keep costs down, it was essential that the new watches should with few components. As a result, the Swatch was developed; in no time the company started making fortunes. (ABE, 2008)

Cricket Grounds in Australia Sales of Tickets

Question: Describe about the Sales of Tickets from Cricket Grounds in Australia. Answer: Introduction Sports have been a significant impact on the Australian society and have become an integral part of the economy as well (Hajkowicz et al. 2013). The impact of the sales of the ticket has become the focus of the Australian economy. There has been recent trend, which has shown a growth in the affinity towards the sports particularly for cricket. This taste of the community towards cricket has been greatly influenced by the increasing availability of the spare time in the country. Both the private and public sector have shown an increment in the commitment of the financial resources related to the sporting activities. With the increment in the involvement of the private sector, the monitoring of the ticket sales and funds has become the major concern (Mazzucato 2015). Thus, the monitoring process should be incorporating the evolutionary aspect of the economic return from the public expenditures. The paper deals in making a research proposal in order to measure the impact of the sales of the ticket on the Australian economy. The research aims at providing the base for the research objectives such that to lead the process in an appropriate direction and achieving the goal of the research. Literature review It has been reported that in the year 2003, Cricket Australia had an estimate total revenue collection of $ 87 million (icc-cricket.com 2015). Moreover, the recent event of ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 being hosted by two countries Australia and New Zealand has generated the profit of $ 1.1 billion AUD for Cricket Australia. This has been the direct result of the spending as created by the equivalence of jobs across the two countries. It has been estimate that over 1.5 billion people from have viewed the tournament across the globe. The ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 has been the most popular event that has ever being played (icc-cricket.com 2015). The venues were world class and had been attended by more spectators from around the world. According to the Sports Minister of Australia, the World Cup organizers had been ensuring the greatest spectacle of cricket for the fans while maximizing the trade opportunities and the tourism sector of both the countries. Information impacts and requirements on the Australian economy According to Schgner et al. (2013), the current practice for evaluating the economics of the ticketing sales related to the sporting events, needs to be assessed by the impact of the events on the GDP of the country hosting the events. Shibli (2015) postulated that the economic impact of the cricket events being hosted at the various grounds all over the country, is required to be focusing on the money being thrusted in the economy by the visitors, investors, banks and external entities related to the sporting events. According to the reports related to the various cricket grounds in Australia, Perth cricket ground has been estimated to be attracting more spectators. Moreover, the ground is also capable of generating more revenues as compared to the other circlet grounds including Sydney and Melbourne circlet grounds (wa.gov.au 2016). Research questions Is there any specific change in the sales of the tickets for cricket over the years? What is the contribution of games like cricket on the development of the economy of the country? How the sale of the tickets varies from the international to domestic matches in the country? Research methodology The research methodology deals in identifying the various tools and techniques related to the conduction of the research process. The research student needs to implement the descriptive design along with the incorporation of the primary and secondary approach. This approach would be helping in the acquisition of useful information related to the research project. Moreover, the research also requires the implementation of both the quantities technique and qualitative technique which should be related to the primary data collection method. Research approach The research process needs to implement the positivism research approach which could be helpful in identifying the impact of the sporting events like cricket on the economy of Australia. The research also requires incorporating the deductive approach which could be helping in reducing down on the resource consumption during the conduction of the research process. This approach would also be helping in reducing down the costs and time for conducting the research process. Data collection The data collection process for the research process requires the acquisition of data from the list of sample respondents related to the research topic based on the survey questionnaires being set in the paper. The collection of the relevant and useful information includes the two most important techniques including the quantitative and the qualitative research techniques (Walter and Andersen 2013). The research study should be conducting the data collection process from the primary sources of data. These sources of responses should be selected by the random sampling of the respondents. The primary sources of data include the employees and workers who have been working in the industry for Cricket Australia including the membership services clubs, agencies, committees and counters of the ground stadiums. Data analysis The data analysis also requires analyzing the information being collected during the data collection method by the application of charts and diagram in an effective way. According to Ward and Bailey (2013), the process would be helping in executing the analysis with the help of the time analysis series. Research outcome The impact of the ticketing sales and the sporting events on the Australian economy has been a matter of debate, which is influencing both the public and private sectors in the country. The trend is influenced by the growing affinity of the communities towards the sporting events particularly cricket. The research proposal deals in evaluating the impact of the cricket events on the Australian economy based on the sale of tickets from the different cricket grounds all across the country. The research study would also be helping in checking the sales of the tickets, which should be varying over the years. The proposal would be helpful for the researchers to conduct further research on the topic based on the literature being inscribed in the paper. References Hajkowicz, S. A., Cook, H., Wilhelmseder, L., and Boughen, N. 2013. The Future of Australian Sport: Megatrends shaping the sports sector over coming decades. A Consultancy Report for the Australian Sports Commission. icc-cricket.com. 2015.ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 gives economic boost to Australia and New Zealand.https://www.icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 22 June 2016, from https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2015/media-releases/88460/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015-gives-economic-boost-to-australia-and-new-zealand Mazzucato, M. 2015.The entrepreneurial state: Debunking public vs. private sector myths. Anthem Press. Schgner, J. P., Brander, L., Maes, J., and Hartje, V. 2013. Mapping ecosystem services' values: Current practice and future prospects.Ecosystem Services,4, 33-46. Shibli, S. 2015.Performance analysis in sport and leisure management(Doctoral dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University). wa.gov.au. 2016.Static.ourstatebudget.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 22 June 2016, from https://static.ourstatebudget.wa.gov.au/16-17/factsheets/perth-stadium.pdf Walter, M. and Andersen, C. 2013.Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology. Left Coast Press. Ward, J. and Bailey, D. 2013. A participatory action research methodology in the management of self-harm in prison.Journal of mental health,22(4), pp.306-316.