Lloyds Banking Group Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lloyds Banking Group Integration - Essay Example In the first type of hybrid structure company can combine the characteristics of both the functional and divisional structures. In this type of hybrid structure, Lloyds Group can organise its important functions into self-contained units by decentralising it whereas, the functions which require economies of scales and stability can be centralised. In the second type of hybrid structure, the company can combine the characteristics of functional, divisional and horizontal structures (Daft, 2009). Most of the multinational companies have hybrid structure. This structure is particularly useful for the organisations where the environment is highly uncertain and organisation can be best managed through divisional structure and some functional expertise is also required (Zamaros). This structure can offer great flexibility to Lloyds Bank. The following table describes the cultural dimensions (Gray & Larson, 2005) which could be affected by changing the organisational structure of Lloyds Gro up from Divisional structure to Hybrid structure. ... f Lloyds Group could be improved by developing teams in the functions which involve teamwork tasks and by emphasising on individual tasks wherever important. Company has the flexibility to achieve a balance between individual work and teamwork. Inter-unit Relations The inter-unit relations of Lloyd Group could be improved if Lloyds Group go for divisional structure and could be reduced if Group goes for functional structure. Company has the flexibility to achieve the balance of coordination and interaction between units. Control The control of the supervisors to influence the behaviour of employees could be improved in the segments of business with functional structure. Company has the flexibility to achieve the balance of control. Social Distance Lloyds could improve its culture by reducing the social distance in the segments where company adopt divisional structure and enhance the social distance where company uses functional structure Reward Criteria The reward criteria could be d efined by establishing seniority based and experience based priorities in functional structure and by establishing performance based criteria in divisional structure Conflict Tolerance Achieving the control tolerance balance across two kinds of structure (functional and divisional) could become a challenge for Lloyds Group Level of Effort The Group could enhance level of efforts of employees by increasing control through centralising some processes and decentralising others, based on particular needs Sharing Information Lloyds Group could control information sharing by using two kinds of structure External Orientation Lloyds Group could also become more flexible to respond to external orientations in a hybrid structure By adopting the hybrid structure, Lloyds Group could achieve various

Insights That Travels Trough Time Essay Example for Free

Insights That Travels Trough Time Essay The dramatic effect of a masterpiece always depends on the one who views it. John Berger argues about perception and that only few own and experience the proficiency in terms of visual images that shape the cultural memory of a society. Berger opens out and focuses on the power of images (Parks, 2009). He looked up to how others should consider and understand how a certain image could produce â€Å"a new language of images†. Perhaps, he wanted to make each and every artist takes advantage of using his or her works to represent or reflect the ethos that exists in a society. For him the art itself speaks up a rich testimony about the culture and other occurrence in the history. Also Berger establish the notion that those who were unattached from their past, has unbound role and can freely act as an individual or a group. Herewith, it could be assumed that experiences affect how we accept or perceived something or how we or what we believe as true. Further, according to Berger The relation between what we see and what we know is never settled. The truth could be assumed to still rest in the eyes of the viewer. Berger insists to how we people should respond and take importance of what we see. With this, we should learn to read and know what lies behind it. Every image is an instrument that leads us to different region and period (Wong, 2009). If we just learn how to read and decipher the knowledge it offers, then we could freely purchase the vision that the most ignores References: 1. Parks S,. (2009)Studying Culture/Controlling Images. , Retrieve: April 14, 2009 http//www. temple. edu/isllc/sparks 2. Wong M. , (2009)Just in Time :Anamorphosis as a Strategic Survival Visual Tactics. , http://www. para-site. org. hk/_pre/96_txt4. html

Essay --

Report on family Breedlove Evaluator Morgan Bluebird, MSW intern February 12 2013 All personal information collected and used is protected from unauthorized disclosure by the Privacy Act. The Privacy Act also affords family of the clients the right to challenge the accuracy and completeness of the information and have it amended as appropriate. Identifying Information and Referral Source Clients’ name: Cholly Breedlove Client’s name: Pauline Williams Breedlove Day of birth: 21-06-1901 Day of birth: 13-03-1903 Role: Man of the house Role: lady of the house Civil status: Married Civil status: Married Clients’ name: Sammy Breedlove Daay of birth: 11-09- 1925 Role: Son of mr. Breedlove and mrs. Breedlove Civil status: Not applicable Client’s name: Pecola Breedlove Day of birth: 07-04-1928 Role: Daughter of mr. Breedlove and mrs. Breedlove Civil status: Not applicable The problem stated in this assessment relates to Pecola Breedlove, therefore when speaking of the client, it refers to her. The client is referred by her primary social worker, Dr.Trampene. Presenting the problem Pecola Breedlove, daughter of Cholly and Pauline Breedlove is suffering under the rough treatment at the hand of her family, what is more the functioning of her family in total. As mentioned before the development of the client may be thwarted if no intervention will be applied. The dysfunctional family causes the most damage to her because of the everyday violence as well as it engenders several negative external factors. The client is facing problems that relate to an inferiority complex, also Anxio... ... cruelty - physical abuse - sexual abuse - Z62.4 Emotional neglect of child Cholly Breedlove: - Z61.1 Removal from home in childhood - Z62.4 Emotional neglect of child - Z61.8 Other negative life events in childhood - F43.1 Post-traumatic stress disorder - Z72.6 High-risk sexual behaviour Pauline Breedlove: - F60.2 Dissocial personality disorder, not out of the question - Z60.4 Social exclusion and rejection - Z61.8 Other negative life events in childhood Treatment: 1. Weekly individual psychotherapy to reduce depressive symptoms and improve social and occupational areas for all four client. 2. Psychiatric evaluation to address potential use of antidepressant medication, for Pecola and Cholly Breedlove. Antidepressant drugs may be used in addition. 3. Out of home placement client 4. Biweekly couples Therapy session

Immanuel Kant `To Perpetual Peace`

Introduction:A common man, an intellectual, a philosopher and even a spiritual personality in his disposition at the secular level— are all conditioned by time. Their speech and writings strongly reflect the social life and beliefs of the era to which they belong. They mostly analyze and interpret what they see and experience. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) or Immanuel Kant are no exceptions.Kant and Hobbes: Where do they stand?Before attempting to understand the views of Kant and Hobbes, one important problem with such mind-level intellectuals needs to be examined. All the arguments and counter-arguments are mind related problems. Their force lasts up to the mind-barrier only. Once the mind barrier is crossed, these philosophers will shake hands with each other, without any reservations. The inner world being the fountainhead of bliss, the communion with it paves the way for eternal happiness. Happiness of Kant and melancholy of Hobbes are the outcome of their own positive and neg ative thoughts respectively.The desire for peace and eternal happiness so eagerly sought by either these philosophers (or thinkers as one may wish to address them), calls for thought control or mind control. No King, no Dictator, no President, no Chairman, no Military Dictator, no Philosopher can bring peace in his area (country) of governance, unless peace prevails in the hearts and minds of each citizen. It can be achieved by an individual only. From the point of view of relationship between the State and People, it is true that the people need to be basically sound and industrious. But, basic conditions also need to be created for the people to become basically sound and industrious. It is the two way traffic.To control something, we need something more powerful than it. However, there is nothing but soul that is mightier than highly potent individual minds. Until now, our medical world has discerned out that sadness, melancholy, stress and depression (the qualities dearest to th e heart of Hobbes) are related to imbalanced biochemical reactions. However, our physical world being supported by our psychological world, the whole range of biochemical reactions taking place in our body is linked with our thought pattern.Only when our thought process changes (of the common citizen and the rulers) the action process will also change. So, when the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed; when the society is changed, the nation is changed. When the Nations change for the better, world peace becomes the reality. It is in this context, all the texts, all the theories, targeting peace need to be understood.1. Explain as concisely and precisely as possible how Kant weds a pessimistic realism to an optimistic idealism in his political teaching.  The pages of human history daubed in bloodshed relating to the ambitious wars between the kings, violence under the flag of religi on, territorial victories and defeats, ask the crying question. How to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, hearts full of love and the life that refuses conflicts—enough, these alone are enough. Kant said it long ago, in his own style. Traditions of historical thought are related to historical continuity.There are certain timeless issues, to which all scholars swearing by any school of thought must apply. Some see contradictions in the views of the authors in Realism and Liberalism. The area of confusion is, â€Å"On the one hand, the issues of war and peace provide a basis for continuity while, on the other, these authors are used to furnish contemporary theories with philosophical roots that lie outside the definition of the discipline.That is, Hobbes provides a theory of human nature and the state which underpin contemporary theories of power politics between states. Similarly, Liberals use the work of Kant to u nderline the domestic bases of international conflict and cooperation. In both cases, the attraction of the classics seems to lie in their holistic – or interdisciplinary – approach to social and political life which denotes a fundamental difference in the intellectual context of classical and contemporary theory.† (Classical†¦)2. Specify exactly where Kant reveals his Hobbesian views.â€Å"Establishing the concrete nature of the intellectual context of classical texts is, thus, important for any conscious reflection on the limits and possibilities of the definition of International Relations and its core concerns. And here again we find that the invention and use of classical traditions for the purpose of defining and structuring contemporary theoretical as well as political debates is often characterized by a lack of attention to specific historical continuities and discontinuities.†(Classical†¦.).Hobbes for Realism and Kant for Liberalism are often quoted. Many debates between these approaches are presented as ‘timeless.’ In the International politics their application is one of understanding to a particular situation, and the identical situation in two countries, may invite different types of response. Hobbes is known as the natural law philosopher. He lived during the most tumultuous period of the European history. The socio-political then prevailing had a profound bearing on his theories and as for his assessment of human nature, he was thoroughly pessimistic.According to Hobbes, a human being is guided by self-interests, and if this craze is not properly checked, the consequences would be highly destructive. He will be at war with his fellow beings. The instinct for survival makes one give respect and take respect. One renounces one’s rights to secure them, one abhors violence to seek protection and guarantee from violence. â€Å"One of the interesting elements of Hobbes's story is that concepts like morality, liberty, justice, property, etc. have no natural, intrinsic or eternal meaning.   They are pure social constructions.As history has shown no set of values will last forever but will evolve as circumstances change† What Hobbes and Kant wrote is in an entirely different context of International Relations as applicable to that era. The importance of theories of Kant or Hobbes becomes less important sometimes, and the objective to be gained holds relevance. In the final analysis, economic or political gains are important, and the ‘timeless’ views of Kant go hand in hand with the Hobbesian views.3. Exactly what makes him think that law and order are possible in international politics?Globalization is the watchword for the twentieth century. Technological advancement and internet revolutions are pushing the concept of globalization very fast, prompting the politicians to move in that direction. They are left with no other choice. The views of the classi cal authors hold even well today and they play an important role in International Relations. Whether Kant believes in the relevance of his theories as for contemporary International Relations or not, the present day International Relations specialists do, and make intensive and extensive use and application of such texts. Realists quote Hobbes, and liberals Kant.Conclusion:Hobbes saw laws as commands. He had his special ideas about the legitimacy of laws and power of governments. He is the ardent supporter of the rule of law. However, one notices latent similarity between their apparently dissimilar views, quite often. Sometimes, the mouth of Kant speaks, through the heart of Hobbes. In yet another occasion, the mouth Hobbes speaks through the heart of Kant. They seem to walk together on a parallel path.References Cited:Kant, Immanuel: Book: Perpetual Peace:Paperback: 72 pagesPublisher: Cosimo Classics (November 1, 2005)Language: EnglishISBN-10: 1596055499ISBN-13: 978-1596055490Arti cle: Classical Theory in International Relations – Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521866859;ss=exc – 35k –Retrieved on December 9, 2007

Competative Analysis: Puma, Reebok, Adidas and Nike Essay

Analyzing the prices of Puma and comparing with its competitor prices was discovered, that all of them are more or less on the same price levels – medium to high. Although, Nike and Adidas products are mostly expensive, while Puma is providing products for affordable prices. Today’s Puma is not only sport clothing and equipment, but also accessories. Puma nail polish, deodorant, shower gels and perfume are easy to find not only in Puma stores, but also in department stores. The other advantage of Puma’s prices could be its discount system – with the appearance of new collections, older ones are given good discounts. Promotion Puma is making a big effort on promoting themselves in many different ways. Nowadays it is hard to imagine a successful company without an official internet page, so one of Puma’s advantages is the fact that it not only has one, but also gives its customers to view and purchase their products online. Puma is also very keen on online customer service – delivery time is 2-7 days and has a 40 day return right. Products on discount are also available. A huge effort is made on organizing events not only for young people. The purpose of these events is simple – combining leisure time with sports: from most simple like ping-pong and darts to football, basketball, volleyball and golf. As its competitors, Puma is not lagging behind on organizing charity events and donating money in Children funds. Puma is also working together with United for Africa and Soles4Soles funds. Going eco-friendly is also one of Puma’s advantages. In order to reduce the environmental impact, Puma is dependent on the cooperation of other industry players. To tackle this issue, Puma has already started to gain support from national governments, environmental organizations, and representatives of science and industry to push for a shift in the current business paradigm towards a more sustainable approach. Puma has demonstrated that accounting for the environment is no longer a ‘holy grail’ objective, but simply makes good business sense. Image/Brand In the recent years the Puma brand has become a synonym of style, fashion and sport. Puma has elevated their brand image so that they now compete with fashion brands as well as their traditional sportswear. To extend their brand Puma has created concept retail stores that enable people to experience the brand in engaging and compelling ways. Adidas brand communicates the company’s goal of fusing sport performance and style competing very closely with Nike’s value proposition. â€Å"Sport performance†, â€Å"sport heritage† and â€Å"sport style† are the three different areas that Adidas has chosen to compete with the value propositions of their traditional competitors. Nike has developed a brand that has global reach trying to bring innovation and inspiration to every athlete in the world. They has partnered with the world’s most famous athletes to build their recognition and reach, perfectly demonstrating the power of image marketing. As well as Puma, Nike has extended their brand by creating concept retail stores. Nike differentiates themselves from Puma by focusing on â€Å"performance driven style†, whereas Puma focus on â€Å"lifestyle driven style†. Adidas tries to improve their performance through technological innovation similar to Nike’s brand. Through the years Reebok has developed a brand that focuses on the lifestyle as well as â€Å"having fun staying in shape†. Reebok is fresh brand, but not as trendy as Nike and Adidas. Like most of the other brands Reebok tries to promote themselves through famous athletes as well. They gain ground across all sports against its competitors. In recent years Reebok invested in innovative designs to make their sports footwear much more comfortable. Design Puma is a well-known brand, but, unfortunately, not one of the most preferred. To analyze consumer’s opinion about Puma and its products, a survey was made. Through interviews of 20 young people – age range 16-30 – who were asked to tell what they thought about Puma as a brand, their design and price of their products in comparison to their competitors, and their promotion effort. Looking at the answers separately, can be concluded that they are almost alike, but there are still a few outliers. Furthermore, customers were asked to advice what Puma should do to become more attractive. It was found out that most of the customers would recommend Puma to focus more on design and making the brand more competitive and visually recognized. The main â€Å"issue† for Puma when looking at the answers was that the customers prefer other alternatives, such as Nike and Adidas. This was mainly because of better and trendier design, which is targeting the â€Å"youngerà ¢â‚¬  target group better. Product The main products of Puma are sportswear, sport shoes and accessorize. Puma divides their products into 2 main categories: sports and lifestyle. Sports field includes clothing for sports such as: football, running, sailing, golf, motorsport and rugby. Lifestyle part includes: timepieces and body wear product collections, providing Urban Mobility. The main product of Puma – casual footwear is very different from their competitors: Puma shoes are more fashionable shoes, than athletic shoes. Furthermore, Puma has an Urban Mobility collection cooperating with world-renowned fashion designer Hussein Chalayan. These unique designed footwear, apparel, and accessories will help Puma to create a utility fashion sportswear, offering for the Mobile lifestyle. This look gives the advantage to their products to become more fashionable and trendy. Mission/Vision Puma cooperates with their main competitors – Adidas and Nike in order to achieve their mission for a better world for the generations to come, leaving behind Reebok. Puma’s mission and vision is to work in ways that contribute to the world by supporting creativity, sustainability and peace and by staying true to the values of being Fair, Honest, Positive and Creative in decisions made and actions taken. According to the aim they will keep on making the products for their customers to love, and at the same time bring that vision of a better world a little closer every day.

Free Essays on The Effects Of The U.S. Supreme Court On Todays Sociopolitical Structure

The United States Supreme Court has been endowed by the Constitution the duty to ensure that each American receives "the blessings of liberty." Through the years, the Court has both honored and broken that promise. The reason for this seems to be that the High Court may view some legislation as being "necessary and proper" functions of the government so long as it does not violate individual rights expressly stated within the Constitution. The few previously chosen as Justices have been accosted with the responsibility to assess requests for changes within the American social political structure. There seem to be reemerging issues which the Court must refine due to a recent demand of the American people to do so, these issues including relations among races, the right to privacy, and the freedom of expression. With each decision passed down by the High Court, a bit of America's civic and societal culture is altered. The status of today's social world has vastly been affected by the r ulings of the Supreme Court and America owes in part what it is today because of the rulings and their affects of cases to be later mentioned. When the Constitution was instituted in 1789, the Supreme Court's role was not fully understood. In the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789, which allots them the power to order officials to carry out their duties, unconstitutional (Irons 105). Therefore, this case is largely credited with setting the precedent of judicial review. But according to Peter Irons, in his book A People's History of the Supreme Court, this principle was not groundbreaking: " The doctrine of judicial review had been stated by several Framers of the Constitution in 1787, was refined in The Federalist Papers during the ratification debates, and was forcefully restated by Justice Paterson in 1795, when he wrote in a circuit court decision that 'every act of the legislature repugnant to the Consti... Free Essays on The Effects Of The U.S. Supreme Court On Today's Sociopolitical Structure Free Essays on The Effects Of The U.S. Supreme Court On Today's Sociopolitical Structure The United States Supreme Court has been endowed by the Constitution the duty to ensure that each American receives "the blessings of liberty." Through the years, the Court has both honored and broken that promise. The reason for this seems to be that the High Court may view some legislation as being "necessary and proper" functions of the government so long as it does not violate individual rights expressly stated within the Constitution. The few previously chosen as Justices have been accosted with the responsibility to assess requests for changes within the American social political structure. There seem to be reemerging issues which the Court must refine due to a recent demand of the American people to do so, these issues including relations among races, the right to privacy, and the freedom of expression. With each decision passed down by the High Court, a bit of America's civic and societal culture is altered. The status of today's social world has vastly been affected by the r ulings of the Supreme Court and America owes in part what it is today because of the rulings and their affects of cases to be later mentioned. When the Constitution was instituted in 1789, the Supreme Court's role was not fully understood. In the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Court declared the Judiciary Act of 1789, which allots them the power to order officials to carry out their duties, unconstitutional (Irons 105). Therefore, this case is largely credited with setting the precedent of judicial review. But according to Peter Irons, in his book A People's History of the Supreme Court, this principle was not groundbreaking: " The doctrine of judicial review had been stated by several Framers of the Constitution in 1787, was refined in The Federalist Papers during the ratification debates, and was forcefully restated by Justice Paterson in 1795, when he wrote in a circuit court decision that 'every act of the legislature repugnant to the Consti...

Tzotzil Maya Essays - Agglutinative Languages, Free Essays

Tzotzil Maya Essays - Agglutinative Languages, Free Essays Tzotzil Maya This paper introduces the Tzotzil Maya by establishing some of the essential information about them. The home of the Tzotzil Maya lies in the highland region of central Chiapas in southeastern Mexico. Their territory has increasingly started to overlap with the Tzeltal, which are also Mayan indigenous people. This has caused them to influence each other culturally, linguistically, and politically. The habitat of the Tzotzil is highland, with mountains, volcanic outcroppings, and valley lowlands. The climate at high altitudes is cool to cold, and summers are very wet. The native Tzotzil live mainly in the higher reaches. Chiapas is rich in natural

Hughes Surname Meaning and Origin

Hughes Surname Meaning and Origin 1) A patronymic surname meaning son of Hugh. The given name Hugh is a Germanic name meaning heart/mind, often after Saint Hugh. 2) Possibly a modern form of the ancient Irish name OHAY. Hughes is the 83rd most popular surname in the United States. Hughes is even more popular in England, coming in as the 18th most common surname. Surname Origin English Alternate Surname Spellings HUGH, HUGHE Genealogy Resources for the Surname Hughes 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? HUGHES Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Hughes surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Hughes query. FamilySearch - HUGHES GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Hughes surname and its variations. HUGHES Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Hughes surname. Cousin Connect - HUGHES Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Hughes, and sign up for free notification when new Hughes queries are added. DistantCousin.com - HUGHES Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Hughes. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Exercises Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exercises Week 2 - Essay Example Hence this will be the preferred investment, as the return is substantial and the risk is the lowest. c. If Sharon were risk – seeking, she would prefer the investment with the highest risk, unless a higher return is promised for a lower risk rate. In this case, investment X has a higher return for a lower risk. Also, investment Y has a return of 12%, same as that of the current return. Investment Y will also be preferred due to the risk seeking attitude. d. Based on the traditional risk preference behaviour exhibited by financial managers, the most preferred investment would be investment X. The main reason is that it has the lowest risk per unit of return (7%/14%) of 0.5 which is the same as that of the current investments of the firm. It is evident that the most likely values for both the options are the same. However, the worst case scenario for expansion A is a 16 % return whereas that of Expansion B is 10 %. Also, the return for expansion A lies within + 4 % of the most likely return of 20 %, whereas it is +8 % for expansion B. Hence the less risky project is Expansion A. c. If given the choice, I would prefer to take up the Expansion A, as it has lesser risk and the most likely return is the same as that of the high risk Expansion B. This certainly implies that I have a risk - averse behaviour. d. If the most likely outcome is 21% for expansion B, I would still prefer to opt for expansion A. the main reason is that the risk associated with expansion A is much lesser and the pessimistic outcome is very close to the most likely outcome. d. The expected return is the highest at 17.5 % for the portfolio 1 containing 100% of asset F compared to that of the other two alternatives. It is also evident that the three investment portfolios have the same risk associated with the returns. The coefficient of variation (return per unit of risk) is also higher for portfolio 1. Hence it is clear that

Two cases write up Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Two cases write up - Coursework Example The first group comprising of 12 million investors want to pass on investment decision burden on other. The next group consisting of 3 million investors are able to take their own investment decisions. The leftover 15 million investors need proper advice and education for investment proposes. The primary requirement of the customers of Schwab is price and the corresponding security of their invested money. Trust is the most important component that builds customers’ confidence, which can be achieved by providing quality services. Therefore, the customers want lower price from Schwab for the services, information and advice it provides regarding the investment. The business model for Charles Schwab Corporation is based on transaction. The core operation area of the company is to provide services to the investors. The services provided by Schwab can be termed as financial services for investment purposes. Specifically, it provides financial services related to security brokerage. In order to develop conventional business model, it has introduced several innovative technology in service model to cater to its customers. This has lead to significant growth of the company. For convenient services, it has developed ‘telebroker’, ‘Schwablink’, ‘eSchwab’ and ‘onesource’. Schwab generates its revenue from the brokerage commission paid by its client for investment transitions. With the help of its conventional business model, it has been able to offer services like brokerages at a lower commission. In 1991, it became famous as low-cost broker. It made forward integration by purchasing Mayer and Schweitzer which helped the company to reduce bid-ask spreads. The company earns around 50% of its revenue from its commissions, 13% from principle transaction and rest from mutual fund services and interest revenue. During the late 1990s, the popularity of the internet increased significantly which revolutionised

Digital Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Digital Nation - Essay Example On the other hand, the second section says the internet fosters disintegration, which is concern for â€Å"Daily Me† from a negative perspective. Third, technology harbors a global village from a positive perspective while Balkanizing and spreading worries of â€Å"mob rule† from a negative perspective (Dretzin 2010). Fourth, â€Å"Digital Nation† argues that technology is heterogeneous or endorses diversity of opinions and expression positively (Dretzin 2010). Technology can also be homogenous and result in close-mindedness from a negative standpoint. Fifth, technology positively enables self-actualization while promoting lessening personhood from a negative view (Dretzin 2010). The sixth section says the internet is an instrument of freedom and enablement from a positive view (Dretzin 2010). The internet is similarly an instrument of regular manipulation and exploitation, which is a negative perspective. Seventh, PBS’ Frontline believes the internet is a tool that can help educate, which is a positive aspect (Dretzin 2010). Alternatively, the internet can dumb down its hundreds of millions of users, which is a negative aspect. Eighth, technology endorses anonymous communication, which is a positively necessary element of whistleblowing or strong discussions (Dretzin 2010). The negative aspect of this section says technology spreads the fear of secrecy, which deteriorates responsibility in debates and tradition. Lastly, technology has introduced the abundance of data, which positively roots for new educational opportunities (Dretzin 2010). Technology also negatively imposes fear of data surplus, particularly in educational settings. PBS Frontline’s â€Å"Digital Nation† discussion of heterogeneity in technology was most captivating, challenging, and hopeful. This is because this aspect of technology teaches that humans are adjusting and learning to manage with technological change but with some

Company Case ESPN Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The Relationship between Animal Abuse and Human Abuse Essay

The Relationship between Animal Abuse and Human Abuse - Essay Example Abuse to animals is a horrible crime that ultimately touches us all, both as a society and as individuals. It is a documented fact that many serial killers began their life of violent crime by abusing animals. The evidence is in - it can no longer be denied: There is a connection between animal abuse and violent acts against humans such as domestic violence, elder abuse, child abuse and murder. Recent research has indicated that animal abuse and other forms of family violence often co-occur. Further, a child's violence towards animals is an indicator of potential future violence towards people Given these links, human and animal welfare organizations are beginning to work together to better detect and prevent violence towards both animals and people. In some parts of the U.S. these initiatives have been incorporated into the legal framework. Partello (1997) found that pets fill a variety of human needs, from acting as child substitutes, to providing companionship and unconditional love. These companion animals no longer live in barns and kennels but are an integral part of the human family. Ironically, this means that they suffer at the hands of abusers, just as children do. In a study by DeViney, Dickert, and Lockwood (1983) it was found that companion animals were abused in 88% of the families in which children were abused. Because abuse of animals by children invariably signals great distress, parents and other significant adults need to be informed that certain forms and/or patterns of cruelty should not be dismissed as typical childhood actions. You will note that cruelty to animals can be a sign of conduct disorder, and hurting animals is considered one of the earliest reported symptoms. A child's cruelty toward another animal can be an attempt to gain control over a creature that is smaller and weaker and may be the only way the child can feel powerful. It may reflect a desire to inflict pain or be a displacement of hostility. A child experiencing brutalization may also act on it towards animals. It is imperative that social workers, teachers, administrators, and psychologists become aware of animal abuse and its relationship to human violence so that they can design appropriate prevention and intervention programs. Primary prevention may focus on educational programs that protect children with clear guidelines for acceptable behavior with animals. Because abuse of animals by children invariably signals great distress, parents and other significant adults need to be informed that certain forms and/or patterns of cruelty should 4 not be dismissed as typical childhood actions. I. Animal Abuse Expands into Human Abuse Carpenter (2006) for those

Company Case ESPN Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company ESPN - Case Study Example In essence, ESPN’s product is the availability of sports knowledge, discussion as well as video and audios of live games, across a wide variety of platforms. At its heart ESPN is a 24-hour cable network that focuses on sports and entertainment based content for television, however the cable network is only one piece of the entire ESPN brand. The brand now contains more than 50 different businesses. Product wise, the brand consists of six cable channels which are home to many important sporting events such as the IndyCar Series and NBA finals, a sports radio network, ESPN The Magazine and a website that offers streaming video and audio as well as downloadable pods casts. ESPN’s augmented product is its ability to provide accurate and up to date information and commentary about all areas of the sports industry and its delivery of this information across many different media types 4. ESPN has strong brand equity. Its name is immediately associated with sports, and the easy access to information that the brand provides across its many different platforms ensures wide recognition from consumers. There is a strong relationship between the brand equity of ESPN and its brand value. The value of its brand can be seen by large number of products and media that ESPN is present on, the continued growth of the company and its longevity. The cable network alone earns close to twice the amount per subscriber each month than the next most profitable network, Fox Sports ($2.91 and $1.67 respectively). Benefits: This association has resulted in the acquisition of many new viewers and gave the network the ability to host key sporting events, and types of sporting events that they did not previously have access to. Possible risks: ESPN has little control over the quality of the merchandise that is produced, and any negative responses to the cobranded

Aging (the elderly), the individual, and society Essay

Aging (the elderly), the individual, and society - Essay Example The abuse status outcome was regressed in a hierarchical logistic procedure on indicators† (Zoabi, 2004). The four major explanations for the rise of elder abuse looked at by the author included sociodemographic status, dependency, modernization, and social integration. The author found that these four factors were indeed important in correlating elder abuse in modern society. This research took place in terms of concept in relation to the public’s attitudes about the importance of elder care in this society versus their personal application of these values. The research also considered variables related to quality of care in elderly patients who have particular healthcare needs, such as long-term care. It considered a broad focus of issues dealing with elder care in the present healthcare system and also present recommendations for future changes in the system, based on present problems as identified through survey and literature review. This was a qualitative study that was of the quasi-experimental variety because of its resources. The author highlights how abuse and neglect are too often visited upon older individuals who have lost some degree of their independence, and many areas do not have the programs necessary to effectively counter this threat. There is even abuse and neglect that goes on within healthcare facilities, and this is perhaps the most insidious sort of abuse. In some cultures, the elderly are prized and honored above all other citizens and groups, but unfortunately this is not the case in the present culture of many areas of the western hemisphere. Older individuals are more likely to be seen as being in the way of the young than as role models who should be exalted because of their aged wisdom. Presently, however, many individuals are treated harshly by healthcare facilities and even their own kin, making elder

Thumbs Up or Down on Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Thumbs Up or Down on Shakespeare Essay Shakespeare is famous for variety of good reasons. He is a clever writer who presented his works with depth and purpose. He deserves all the thumbs up he could possibly get. Here are three reasons for those thumbs ups. First, like what I’ve pointed out earlier, his works were cleverly written and very deep in some extent. They point moral lessons that shout the pros and cons of assortment of actions letting the readers to be mindful of the meaning behind each act. In Othello, for example, you would think that it has a racist theme, but if you look closely, you will see that it condones racism. Second, through his works, we had a glimpse to the times that passed long before we were born and also, long before he was born. His Work the Tragedy of Julius Caesar somewhat described the way of life in times of the Roman Empire. This particular work painstakingly explained the mechanism of a long-lost time. Third reason for thumbs up is that his passion in writing can be seen in his works. Passion is hard to translate through words, but it clearly manifested in every play he created. What could better explain the depth of how he portrayed his characters? Although Shakespeare can be described as a genius, he still earned a list of drawbacks. My first reason for his thumbs down is the fact that he had never published any of his works and if isn’t for his friends, we might have lost all of his wonderful works. Because of this, many are convinced that other writers like Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, the Earl of Oxford, wrote some of his stories. Second, most of his plays contain suicidal scenes, and of course, most of his protagonists died; the list includes Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and so on. I once read in some article that because of Shakespeare’s big influence of the way of thinking in the Romantic era, the suicidal incidence increased dramatically. Third, I really like his portrayal of the past but sometimes I find his histories quite dry and difficult to understand; they are really tough going especially for average of the students. I’m totally convinced that Shakespeare deserves all the thumbs up he could possibly get. Although I had pointed out some negatives about him and his works, they do not really weigh much for me. For example, the fact that he didn’t publish any of his works doesn’t prove that he is an incompetent writer. Aristotle and Confucius have the same record, and they’re still famous. Also I love the way Shakespeare used humor inside the Tragedy of Julius Caesar; it proves how witty he was, which is a very plus factor for me. And more importantly, his suicidal themes made his works a lot more controversial but all of these have deeper meaning that made readers look beyond the act. Works Cited â€Å"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare.† 1993. The TECH. 6 June 2008 http://shakespeare.mit.edu/works.html.

Municipal Solid Waste Management Essay

Municipal Solid Waste Management Essay Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each. Waste Management is the term that refers to the collection, processing, recycling, transport, and monitoring of waste products. The waste products means the various materials produced by human activity and is undertaken for reducing their effect on health, environment or aesthetics. Another application of the waste management is to recover the various resources from it. It involves the management of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes. Each type of waste requires a different methods and fields of expertise. The practices of waste management differ from developed and developing nations. In fact, there is difference in methods used in the urban and rural areas, and also for industrial or residential producers. It is the responsibility of local government authorities to manage non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metro areas. However, the management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is done by the generator. There are various methods of waste disposal including integrated waste management, Plasma gasification, Landfill, Supercritical water decomposition and Incineration. There are lots of concepts about waste management which differ in their usage as per the varying regions or countries. Some of the widely used concepts include Waste hierarchy, Extended producer responsibility and Polluter pays principle. The waste hierarchy points to the reduce, reuse and recycle that classify waste management strategies as per their effectiveness in regards to waste minimization. The waste hierarchy is the cornerstone of majority of waste minimization strategies. It focuses on taking out the maximum practical advantages from products and generating least amount of waste. The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy that is intended for the integration of all costs related with products across their life cycles into the market price of the product. The Polluter Pays Principle suggests that in case of waste leading to any impact on the environment, the polluting party is held responsible and it needs to pays for it. The waste management refers to the need for a waste producer to pay for proper waste disposal. Effective Techniques of waste management:- 1) LANDFILL: it is one of the inexpensive methods of waste management. In this waste is dumped on an abandoned land. Be cautious that no toxic or hazardous waste gets dumped in landfill. 2) INCINERATION: Toxic substances that cannot be dumped are burnt. This method is not much in action as this emits harmful pollutants leading to pollution. 3) COMPOSTING: Organic wastes from homes garden eg- food, plants, etc are decomposed, recycled used as manure for agriculture purpose. 4) MECHANICAL BIOLOGICALTREATMENT: Glass, plastic other recyclable waste is put into waste treatment plant. Recyclable content from waste is taken converted to calorific fuel that in turn is used by power plants. 5) PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION: Waste products are treated at high temperature7 high pressure. Its a thermal technique. In pyrolysis, waste is converted into solid liquid, in which solid is refined into carbon form liquid got from the waste is used as energy giving oil. In gasification, waste is converted into synthetic gases: that are burnt to give high energy. (6) Disposal: Non recyclable wastes are dumped into a vast abandoned land. This is called landfills. Only care should be taken that toxic waste does not enter the soil and water system. The people in charge of landfill department must supervise approve the dumping site. Care should be taken about depth allowed till dumping, the nature of the waste dumped, etc must be approved MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 1. Municipal Solid Waste Garbage is generally referred to Waste and is also termed as rubbish, trash, junk, unwanted or undesired material.As per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management Handling) Rule,2000 garbage is define as Municipal Solid Waste which includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes. 2. Main Sources of Municipal Waste House hold waste Commercials: Street sweeping Hotels and restaurants Clinics and dispensaries Construction and demolition Horticulture Sludge 3. Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in India In India, the biodegradable portion dominates the bulk of Municipal Solid Waste. Generally, the biodegradable portion is mainly due to food and yard waste With rising urbanisation and change in lifestyle and food habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its composition changing. There are different categories of waste generated, each takes their own time to degenerate (as illustrated in the table below). 4. Life Cycle of Municipal Solid Waste 5. Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in India The term municipal solid waste refers to solid waste from houses, streets and public places, shops, offices, and hospitals. Management of these types of waste is most often the responsibility of Municipal or other Governmental authorities. Except in the metropolitan cities, SWM is the responsibility of a health officer who is assisted by the engineering department in the transportation work. The activity is mostly labour intensive, and 2-3 workers are provided per 1000 residents served. The municipal agencies spend 5-25% of their budget on SWM A typical waste management system in a low- or middle-income country like India includes the following elements: Waste generation and storage Segregation, reuse, and recycling at the household level Primary waste collection and transport to a transfer station or community bin Street sweeping and cleansing of public places Management of the transfer station or community bin Secondary collection and transport to the waste disposal site Waste disposal in landfills But in most of the Indian cities open dumping is the Common Practices which is adversely affecting on environment and Public health. 6. Adverse Effect of open dump An open dumping is defined as a land disposal site at which solid wastes are disposed of in a manner that does not protect the environment, are susceptible to open burning, and are exposed to the elements, vectors, and scavengers. Open dumping can include solid waste disposal facilities or practices that pose a reasonable probability of adverse effects on health or the environment. Health Effect The health risks associated with illegal dumping are significant. Areas used for open dumping may be easily accessible to people, especially children, who are vulnerable to the physical (protruding nails or sharp edges) and chemical (harmful fluids or dust) hazards posed by wastes. Rodents, insects, and other vermin attracted to open dump sites may also pose health risks. Dump sites with scrap tires provide an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes, which can multiply 100 times faster than normal in the warm stagnant water standing in scrap tire causing several illnesses. Poisoning and chemical burns resulting from contact with small amounts of hazardous, chemical waste mixed with general waste during collection transportation. Burns and other injuries can occur resulting from occupational accidents and methane gas exposure at waste disposal sites. Environment pollution Air pollution Dust generated from on-site vehicle movements, and placement of waste and materials Water pollution Runoff from open dump sites containing chemicals may contaminate wells and surface water used as sources of drinking water open dumping can also impact proper drainage of runoff, making areas more susceptible to flooding when wastes block ravines, creeks, culverts, and drainage basins also contamination of groundwater resources and surface water from leachate emissions. Soil Contamination Permanent or temporary loss of productive land Global Warming and Climate Change In most of the cities towns, the municipal solid waste is being dumped burnt in open spaces without understanding the adverse impacts on the environment. The waste in the dumping ground undergoes various anaerobic reactions produces offensive Green House gases such as CO2, CH4 etc. These gases are contributing potentially to Global Warming Climate Change phenomenon. 7. Integrated Solid waste Management Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a tool to determine the most energy-efficient, least-polluting ways to deal with the various components items of a communitys Solid Waste stream. The twin goals of ISWM are to: Retain as much as possible of that energy those materials in a useful state. Avoid releasing that energy or matter into the environment as a pollutant. Benefits of Integrated Solid waste management The concept of ISWM plan derives from the necessity to look at alternative sources of collection, transportation and most importantly, disposal to ensure a healthy living environment in urban cities. Local and regional economies benefit by the continued exchange value of the reclaimed materials and products and the jobs created in reprocessing and reselling them. National and global resource natural depletion is reduced, contributing to a more sustainable long-term economy. Pollution from landfills is reduced because many toxic or otherwise polluting materials are diverted from the landfills, and because the overall volume of land filled material is reduced. 8. Legal framework for Municipal Solid Waste in India Municipal Solid Waste (Managment Handling ) Rule was notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India [vide No.S.O.908 (B) dated the 25th September 2000]. The objective of these Rules was to make every municipal authority responsible for the implementation of the various provisions of the Rules within its territorial area and also to develop an effective infrastructure for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes. The Civic bodies have the responsibility to enforce these rules.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Before the death of Old Major the animals are inspired to rebel against the humans. They join together as a strong team to eventually, in chapter two, drive Mr. Jones from the farm. The Seven Commandments are soon developed with all the animals contented as equals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Right from the beginning of the rebellion, the pigs can be seen to be taking charge, â€Å"then Snowball and Napolean called them together again, ‘Comrades’, said Snowball, ‘it is half past six and we have a long day before us.† This quotation from chapter two shows the pigs giving out orders to the other animals and acting as a new Mr. Jones, but seemingly nicer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the story, the animals begin the trust the pigs more and more, allowing themselves to be told what to do and be taken in with blind devotion. The pigs act on their newly gained trust and by the end of the story are able to lie back on their laurels and run the farm from the comfort of Mr. Jones’ armchair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rebellion fails due to the blindness of the animals, accepting each other as equal, but do not notice the pigs adding new rules to suit themselves, ‘no animal shall kill another animal without due cause.’ The executions in chapter seven show clearly the animals’ naivety towards the fast approaching leadership of the pigs. During the killings, the animals stand back and do not do a thing. Some animals, like Benjamin, suspect the overthrowing of the rebellion, but are afraid to do anything alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rebellion was doomed to failure from the beginning. The pigs easily won the animals over with propaganda. An example of this came soon after the rebellion and the drawing up of the Seven Commandments, with the pigs justifying their need for milk and apples with lies and threats of Jones’ return.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Squealer uses propaganda such as rhetorical questions, lies and threats to convince the animals to believe the pigs. Unfortunately for the animals, they are easily led. If it were not for their blind devotion, trust and naivety, they could easily see how the pigs gradually gained power. The pigs also use the dogs as force to keep the animals ‘in line’, discouraging them from trying to rebel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœUnited we stand’ would have worked well for the animals in this case. One animal, Benjamin, did not stand up and face his suspicions, which could have resulted in the return of the phrase ‘all animals are equal’, instead of letting it go so far for the pigs to add ‘but some are more equal than others’ to the end.

Child molester and a killer Essay

As we talk about behavior, we can discuss about how certain behavior runs to becoming evil in such a way that nowadays and even before time, where war has occurred, this behavior exist. McCarthy wrote a book entitled â€Å"Blood Meridian† where he puts all the unprovoked violence by the monstrous Judge, Holden, who is a compulsive child molester and a killer as well. This is an epic novel during the expansion of West America sabotage Western novel and the mythology of the Wild West with full violence and wickedness. In this book, it shows the styles of evil acts and wants us to witness evil for us to fully affirm its mysterious reality. As we studied about the origins of behavior, we can also say that man has a natural evil instinct which can be manifested by certain evil actions. McCarthy expresses human behavior in the same way he talks about the animals in his stories. He used such magnificent language which was cited by the critics, and it merely represents the uncompromised crucial period of American history and McCarthy exclaim in his Blood Meridian, that goes ahead of Gothicism and naturalism, to conjure up a bloodletting feast in the American Southwest. Elie Wiesel comes into picture, who in real life; experience a deep shocking experiences and emotions during the Holocaust in the hands of the Nazis. At these times, he and many other prisoners experience mental and physical torture and they have been stripped of their humanity. According to Elie, prisoners become â€Å"wild beasts of prey, with animal hatred in their eyes; a strange energy had held them, and their teeth and nails had been sharpened. † This elevates humanity from immorality at its separation point. She wrote a book entitle â€Å"Night† which reveals that cruelty raise cruelty. Both McCarthy and Elie have written about the negative side of human behavior and depict the scenario during those times. She said prisoners turn against each other rather than giving comfort to each one of them. Captured from the book itself, when a Kapo is speaking to Eliezer, he saidâ€Å"Here, every man has to fight for himself and not think of anyone else. . . . Here, there are no fathers, no brothers, no friends. Everyone lives and dies for himself alone† which illustrates the wickedness of some human beings. In contrast with Elie and Cormac McCarthy, in woman in the person of Hannah Arendt tries not to compare human behavior to animals. Hannah had written â€Å"Eichmann in Jerusalem† wherein she made an authoritative report about the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi leader. She takes account of supplementary factual material that gives enlightenment after the trial. She soberly state in her book that Eichman was not actually a Nazi at heart, and he was in fact a meek man because he was not really aware of Hitler’s euthanasia program and he is also helpful to the Jews in Palestinian immigration. Hannah Arendt’s shows that she is not only a thinker but also a moral human being because of putting herself in the place of the judge and jury in the courtroom of Jerusalem to major perpetrators of the murder of European Jewry. Hannah Arendt analyze Eichman’s personality instead of looking at him does not try to psychologically analyze it. It was in the end come out that Eichman is just an ordinary man who has been driven by the call of his career, and it turns out that he doesn’t really have personal hatred with the Jews. As we try to analyze the three authors point, we can generalize that evil behavior of man only comes out when time calls for it and is the result of frustration for human desires, denial human faculty, failure to realize human potential as well lack of education. It is indeed true that man’s animal nature or human nature is not basically evil. It just happened when there is an incomplete development, deficient cognition and dichotomous perception of reality that would ultimately direct to misinterpretation and disagreement, obliteration, and wars by the people who the power and has no understanding which we have greatly seen it in this study.

Group Roles and the Nursing Process

The learning process in health care had revolutionized through time. Consequently, electronic communication and data storage have become critical in health care. Nursing education has been in demand for the past years and increasing dynamically in this aging world. Thus, the proper training and attitude must be inculcated from nursing students to registered nurses. Under nursing guidelines, there are six recognized phases of the nursing process. These are data collection or assessment, diagnosis, identification of goals or desired outcomes, planning of interventions, implementation of treatment and care, and evaluation. Each step is important to be accomplished accurately and properly since we’re dealing with human health, a human life. Each of these phases usually has additional steps. For example, diagnosis implies interpreting data, relating data to other data, formulating hypotheses, determining additional data needed to test hypotheses, and so on. The data collection or assessment is the systematic gathering of information about the strengths and weaknesses of the patient. These include objective and subjective data. The objective data are the ones observed by the nurse herself while subjective data are those observed by the patient or his relatives and friends. The nursing diagnosis is the description of the patient’s health status, which contains the etiology and defining characteristics of the patient’s disease. In identification of goals or outcomes, it must be patient-centered, realistic, specific and measurable even in a limited time. A careful planning of the interventions that will be done must be considered. These interventions might be initiated by the nurse herself, the physician, or other provider in the health care team. The implementation of the treatment and care is a part of intervention already and this must coincide to the set of goals or expected outcomes. An evaluation must be done to assess if the goal was met. If not, identify the possible steps or decisions that hinder in the achievement of such goal and learn from it. With such complex nursing process, cautious division of duties must be planned and done for process optimization. Hence, group role is a common practice in actual nursing duties. The responsibility is given based on the individual’s familiarity of the work and confidence in handling such work. It also requires accepting responsibly a variety of group roles, participating actively on the clinical rotation’s plan, staying on task, respecting different ideas, and disagreeing to ideas and not to the person whenever necessary. It is then relevant to know how to socially interact in a nursing environment. The usual group roles in such environment are manager, recorder or checker, skeptic, and energizer or summarizer. As a manager of the nursing team on a given shift, you must keep your team on track, direct them of the steps for completion of the tasks, and make sure everyone participates. As a recorder, act as a scribe for the team and make sure everyone agreed on the plans and actions being discussed. As a skeptic, help the team to avoid coming into agreement quickly and make sure all possibilities have been explored. Try to give alternative ideas too to make sure goals are achieved and well-polished. As an energizer, uplift the spirit of the team when things go low especially in cases where there are tough or vital patients. Summarize also what has been discussed and concluded by the team. The time must also be considered when assuming group roles in accomplishing each phase of the nursing process. Since human life is crucial and imperative, each second you lose or you waste is also the same second you will never get back. Just think about it. It could have weaved another chance or a longer chance for the patient to stay with his loved ones. References Goossen, W. T. F. , Ozbolt, J. G. , Coenen, A. , Park, H. , Mead, C. ,Ehnfors, M. , and Marin, H. F. 2004) Development of a Provisional Domain Model for the Nursing Process for Use within the Health Level 7 Reference Information Model. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association [Internet]. May–June, 11(3), pp. 186–194. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007]. Joubert, T. (n. d. ) Roles and social interaction. Hagar [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007]. Mount Mercy College. (n. d. ) Nursing process guidelines [Internet]. Version 8. 19. 1. Iowa, MMC. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007].

Write a Debate Speech in Support of Advertisements

Write a debate speech in support of advertisements. â€Å"Mr. Chairman, honorable judges, my most worthy opponents and everyone else present here today. Good afternoon. Before I begin on my main points, I would like to express my disagreement with one of the points expressed by the proposition team. â€Å"The second speaker for the proposition said that advertisements cause people to keep buying low-quality goods. Now, I feel that people generally are not so naive.Even the members of the proposition team have been able to note the various tricks and so-called brain washing maneuver. So, the tricks haven't worked, have they? Actually, few of the usual purchases that we buy are heavily advertised on television or anywhere else for that matter. For example, do you choose the most highly advertised tissue paper or toilet paper? At most, we would try a much advertised product only because it was something new. Take the Cherry Coke advertisements. Its advertising mode probably fits all t he descriptions made by the proposition team member.However, how many of us were so influenced by these advertisements that he or she has started to drink the beverage weekly, or even monthly? â€Å"Now for my first point, I would like to state the benefits of advertisements from the economic side. Advertisements can help companies to introduce their latest products to the market. If the companies are not able to inform the public about their new products, they will not have the confidence to try to produce it. It is undeniable that advertisements play a crucial role in increasing a company's sales.This may sound capitalistic, but we must remember the importance of these factories to the nation. With the increase in sales, the company can afford to give better pay to the workers and offer more jobs. â€Å"Now, another point is that it is only with proper circulation of the products made possible by advertising that the companies are able to mass-produce their products. Mass produc tion is more economical and allows the producers to lower the price of these goods! As a result, consumers can purchase these goods at reasonable prices.As you can see, millions of consumers benefit because of advertisements. â€Å"Thirdly, industries can also greatly contribute to the expansion of a company from regional to international status. Let me give a real example. One man started a small and humble cottage industry of jeans-making. Because of its increasing popularity through advertising, this industry gradually weaved its way into the market until it started to prosper. From a cottage industry, this industry grew into an international company known by both the young and old.The name of this brand of jeans is none other than Levi's. This company was able to grow due to advertisements, creating job opportunities for millions of people, not only in America but also in Levi's factories in Indonesia, the Philippines and other third world countries. â€Å"Fourthly, advertisem ents of the latest technology and inventions are also beneficial for the consumers, for it means they can find the right kind of product for themselves easily and quickly. Here is another real-life case.My grandmother used to have too many lizards crawling around her house and she is paranoid about them. Then, one day, she saw the advertisement for a lizard spray that can paralyze lizards temporarily. End of lizard problem. How could my dear grandma have found out about such a strange but useful product without advertisements? Jokes aside, through reading the advertisements in newspapers or magazines, many people find just the product required to take care of their particular problem.Estate managers can find out about the right fertilizer or pesticide; computer owners can find the best software; doctors can find out about the latest medications. Imagine all the bother one must go through to find out the product one needs amongst the rapidly expanding array of products and inventions available, without advertisements. Why, one would have to phone just about every shop in town! Nowadays, we can just flip open a newspaper or even the Yellow Pages. See how advertisements have been such a blessing!

Constructive Criticism vs Disciplinary Actions on a Nursing Unit Essay

Constructive Criticism vs Disciplinary Actions on a Nursing Unit - Essay Example On the other hand, disciplinary actions are means of dealing with unfavorable job-related behavior, especially those which do not meet with work and performance standards (US Legal, 2012). The primary purpose of these actions is to support the employee in understanding that performance issues for improvement exist. It is basically a way of imposing discipline for the employees (Hessler and Humphreys, 2008). While constructive criticisms provide a means for the employee to re-evaluate his actions and further improve on these, disciplinary actions are imposed punishment for failing to live up to the standards of the practice (Kennedy, 2006). Constructive criticism is more palatable for employees who can choose to consider the criticism as a means of improving their practice; however disciplinary actions are mostly met with disfavor due to its final and imposing nature on the work of employees (Hendren, 2011). B. What are likely outcomes to delivered action? 1. In order to deliver the n ecessary actions while still retaining employee productivity, it is important to first identify the unacceptable action, specifically indicating what the staff member is doing or is failing to do well (Hendren, 2011). The focus in effect is in the action, not the behavior or his personality. Specifying what the employee did wrong is also an essential part of achieving the best outcomes in establishing constructive criticism (Nursing Times, 2007). It is also important to explain the outcome, which behavior is not acceptable and how the action negatively impacts on productivity and on patient outcomes. Descriptive terms must also be used in order to establish how the behavior is wrong and how such behavior can be changed (Nursing Times, 2007). The expectations must also be indicated and clearly established from the very start. The employee must know what behavior is unacceptable and the various actions which can be applied to improve behavior. 2. Personal feelings must also be set asi de when giving constructive criticism. There are various outcomes to delivered action and for employees, their actions may produce unfavorable or favorable outcomes (Nursing Times, 2007). In giving feedback to employees, personal and subjective opinions have to be set aside (Clynes and Raftery, 2008). Saying to the employee that they are â€Å"useless† is an unnecessary comment and achieves nothing except feelings of discontent in the employee. It degrades the employee and makes his performance even worse (Nursing Times, 2007). Instead, the focus of the criticism must be on the activity, what was not done, what was done well, and what the criticism would be expected to achieve. The criticism must also be clear and concise, as well as professional, indicating positive feedback with information on how to improve actions and performance (Hendren, 2011). Asking the employee how he feels about his performance is a means of achieving improved outcomes and constructive benefits for the overall nursing profession. The manner of giving the feedback must focus on the problem, not the individual (Hendren, 2011). It must be direct and not contain any mixed and confusing elements. It must also be given in person and in private, preventing any embarrassment for individuals involved. The employee should also be involved in the discussion, allowing him to express his issues with his work, and inquiring about his coping skills and difficulties (Nursing Times,

In a Better World by Susanne Bier Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

In a Better World by Susanne Bier - Movie Review Example His separation from his wife Marianne has made an impact on the lives of his two sons, specifically, their separation has influenced on the life of his 12 years old son, Elias, who becomes the victim of school bullying. On the other hand, we have a life of Christian who has just shifted back to Denmark from London with his rich-businessman father, Claus. Both of the men are suffering from the death of Christian’s mother, who just died due to cancer. Christian accuses his father of hiding the real state of his mother’s condition till the last moments. With so much anger that is buried deep inside him, he confronts Elias’ oppressors. On one hand, the boys were trying to overcome the schoolyard bullying and, on the other hand, Anton is dealing with a challenging situation in the Sudanese refugee camp. His problem revolves around a person who terrifies his people by cutting open the stomach of the women he sexually assaulted and impregnated in order to verify the gen der of his child. Anton is not sure whether he should or he should not save the life of such a person. Theme and Story of the Movie: The theme of the movie revolves around justice, equality and freedom. ... The whole idea revolves around how Anton fulfills his commitment to his profession and how Christian establishes freedom for the young guy. The story also revolves around the complexities that have surrounded the relationships in society. For instance, Christian relationship with his father, Anton’s with his wife and the emerging friendship between the young Christian and Elias. It projects how relationships can influence a person’s life and how strong or weaker a person can become with or without a sincere relationship in his life. These are a few of the things that people and society, in general, lack today.

Elementary-Age Students Identified with ADHD Receive Coursework

Elementary-Age Students Identified with ADHD Receive - Coursework Example Elementary-age students diagnosed with ADHD have behavioral problems that may result in their expulsion from the main setting in which they receive their education. Such behavioral challenges include forgetfulness, sleeping problems, and difficulty cooperating with other students. Such behaviors escalate as a child moves into elementary school, and for that reason, make it difficult to identify their appropriate main setting (Friend, 2014, 179).The results of intervention measures require considerable caution as few studies of intervention effectiveness have been completed successfully with young children. The best combination for young children has not yet been comprehensively determined and thus their main setting requires consistent and immediate feedback (Friend, 2014, 179).The federal government does not collect and publish data regarding the main setting in which children with ADHD are educated. Children with ADHD often have other disabilities, and hence, data from their disabi lity group does not compellingly determine their main setting for education. Students with both ADHD and a learning or emotional disability have to adapt to the least restrictive environment provision of IDEA. Even so, one cannot differentiate the application of this dimension of the law from the annual reports issued about ADHD implementation. It is ambiguous and makes it so difficult to determine the main setting in which elementary-age students identified with ADHD receive their education (Friend, 2014, 180).

Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Cybercrime - Essay Example The most feared setback in computer technology is cyber crime (Ross 2010). Cybercrime is a criminal activity that is done through the use of computers and the internet as a tool to target a victim. This illegal activity involves downloading illegal music files to the theft of millions of dollars from online banking systems. It also involves non-monetary crimes such as distributing and creating viruses on other computers or even the posting of confidential business information and data on the internet. On the other hand, cyber crime is classified into three different groups (Kiesbye 2012). This occurs among the government and a business entity through the use of unauthorized access over the computer system without knowing the owner. It is also meant to send programs with the aim of crashing the computer system virus trafficking software. Cybercrime has developed to become one of the fastest growing areas of crime. An increasing number of criminals have been exploiting the convenience, speed and anonymity that the modern technologies offer so as to commit a diverse range of criminal activities. Moreover, the world’s nature of internet usage has given criminals an opportunity to commit any criminal activity any place around the globe. This has made it important for each and every country to adapt domestic offline to detect and cover crimes committed out in cyberspace. In recent years, cybercrime has evolved. In the past it was committed by small groups or by individuals. Nowadays, there has been an emerging trend where traditional organized crime syndicates and criminal minded technology experts working in hand in combining their resources and expertise (Stefoff 2009). There are two types of cybercrime. They are cybertheft and cybervandalism. Cybertheft is the activity of using the internet to steal property or interference with another person’s enjoyment of resources through computers for making illegal

Environmental factors of substance abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental factors of substance abuse - Essay Example But, unfortunately, this relief in pain is only temporary and in the long run the habit deepens the sense of suffering and pain than ever before. In this context, all individuals who were brought up in dysfunctional family environments are susceptible to addiction. Hence, the first environmental factor is the dysfunctional family of the person. In the case of Ellis, we learn that his father use to return home drunk and beat up Ellis’ mom or sometimes Ellis himself. This is a telling sign of chaos in the family and this is a significant environmental factor that leads to Ellis’s addiction to Heroin. The fact that Ellis started experimenting with alcohol and marijuana even before reaching his teens is a strong indicator that he will have problems in his adult life. And sure enough, a couple of years after the death of his father, his old habits had come to haunt him, this time in the form of heroin addiction. It is a recurrent pattern with most heroin addicts that they seek out drugs very early in life. Recent research suggests that alongside environmental factors, genetic factors also have a role to play. But the consensus among researchers is that social and environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in determining the vulnerability of an individual to succumb to substance addiction. Researchers also concur on the view that those with genetic predisposition to drug abuse and growing up in a dysfunctional family environment run a very high risk of addiction. It was also found that people living in violent and lawless neighborhoods have a greater chance of heroin addiction. This implicitly means that the socio-economic status is a strong environmental factor in assessing risk for heroin abuse. The therapeutic approaches to treating heroin addiction have proven quite successful. Since the addicts developed their addiction as a result of flawed conceptions of guilt, reward and

Seaworld Water Conservation in Sanantoino Essay Example for Free

Seaworld Water Conservation in Sanantoino Essay Many of us have been to water parks/ theme parks and probably never thought about how much water is being used. I especially have been intrigued with the fact that San Antonio has a Seaworld, because the other cities that have one are San Diego and Orlando. San Diego and Orlando both are by many beaches and land of water compared to San Antonio. So to me I felt that San Antonio having a Seaworld would have a major impact on our city water supply. How much water does Seaworld consume and or try to conserve? I talked to Melissa, an educator at Seaworld, and she discussed with me that several of Seaworld’s management had already developed the park’s Water Conservation Plan and had submitted the plan to the San Antonio Water System. The drought restrictions for San Antonio are quit stringent. Many of the restrictions, however, are everyday practices for their park. Under restrictions, water waste is prohibited; Melissa quoted, â€Å" At Seaworld we are always watching how our water is being used and we are always finding new ways to reuse our water or reduce consumption. I also found out that the park reduces their landscape watering by about 20% in their formal park area, and their back area of the park goes without water. Another way the park conserve water is by collecting water condensation from air conditioning units in two condensation tanks found in back areas of the park. The water collected in these tanks is used to irrigate landscaping throughout the park and is also used to pressure wash pathways. Low-flow toilets have been installed in the park restrooms to reduce the amount of waste water used. In addition to conservation reclaimed water is used to water the plants and grass at Seaworld. They’ve also cut their monthy water use from eight million gallons to four million gallons in the last three years, according to Wade from the NPR organization,who had wrote an article about recycled water in San Antonio. When Shamu splashes the lower rows with fountains of water from his 5 million gallon tank, the water that looks like its going the drain is actually headed for capture. In fact, Seaworld has built its own on-site water filtration system. Seaworld San Antonio has made conservation a top priority over the years and are continuously working on innovative ways to improve the environment. The team at the park workhard every year to improve and reduce the park’s overall energy consumption through water and energy cconservation, sustainability and recycling. In 2009 they were presented with â€Å" Going Green Award† in the Conservation Program category by the San Antonio Business Journal. The award program recognizes individuals, companies and programs making an effort to save our planet. The parks water and energy conservation and recycling efforts were key factors in winning this award. As important as conservation is, whats really saving San Antonio right now is its aquifer-storage system. During times when the rains are plenty and the Edwards Aquifer is full, San Antonio aggressively pumps the water out and stores it forty miles away in a sand formation called the Carrizo. Nobody knows how much water the Carrizo could ultimately store, perhaps as much as sixty-five billion gallons. Now, in the midst of this devastating drought, the Carrizo’s massive pumps are sending this rainy day water back to the thirsty city from whence it came. I talked with Jeff, director of production, and he stated that he feels it’s a huge benefit and that it cuts down on the amount of water that San Antonio uses from the Edwards during a critical time , which is good for the entire region. San Antonio’s approach to its water has saved it in the past but like Wlliam Alley discusses in his essay, Tracking U. S.  Groundwater, no one knows how much water is actually available. Its all estimates. Its almost impossible to keep record of and exact figure when it comes to water consumption. Alley goes to explain how the aquifer can be estimated more accurately than global ground water. So the Carrizo obtains most of its water from rain. If the rain don’t come, San Antonio and the rest of Texas are going to learn what the word â€Å"drought† really means. Seaworld San Antonio does not have a major impact on the city water supply. Karen the water system’s director of conservstion stated that seaworld amongst other customers have helped them reach their goal to save a billion gallons of water every single year. Like Mark Holston, the author of â€Å"Where Has All The Water Gone†, discusses how water is being reused to our benenfit. That to me is where the Carizzo comes into play for the city and the main ways Seaworld reuses water as well. Both ways have helped the community figure out that it is better to save watere than to worry about having to always just acquire more water.

Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by painful inflammatory autoimmune disorder by di-arthrodial joints, the wide of production of cytokines, and destruction of joints (see the fig.1). Thickness of cells up to 5 to 8 multiples of synovium and as well as the turnout of subintima to be loose tissue of granulomatous inflammation. Pannus which tissue recognized, then destroyed by invading the bone and cartilage. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory imbalance are expressed on induction RA a synovitis (Feldmann, 2002). Fig1. Show a healthy and Rheumatoid Arthritis bones joint. The pathology of RA by promoting the maintain the inflammatory (erosive) synovitis, and joint tissue of adjacent are destruction, William McCann, 2008, contribution towards the blood bone cells are (Feldmann,2002) rheumatoid arthritics synovial fibroblasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, plasma cells, T cells, B cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. RA play an essential role of resident cells which gradually (Feldmann,2002) that contributed the bones degradation, cartilage and soft tissues while they secretion of matrix metalllo- proteases are developed and molecules are adhesion, then towards contributed in loss of range of joint motion and malformation, also premature mortality are contributed in many other similar cases. cytokines have been implicated in each phase of the pathogens disease are involved by cytokinesis. Often target as a TNFÃŽÂ ± is a standard treatment for RA. Role of rheumatoid arthritics Cytokines TH1 is linked with early studies of RA. Essential arbitrator are consider as a cytokine which they produced lower quantities of inflammatory response, even though they are the biological impact while they producing the less quantities, event of initiating downstream successive, drug discovery which target to identification of fundamental role of cytokines on RA are disorder driven by T cells populations that manufacture the cytokines inflammatory. Several techniques are carry out by many research group were observed the primary analysis of cytokines, which detect TNFa (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) on RA and TNFb in nit. After finding TNF and cytokines IL-1 are came up with many questions, was not detected without any satisfaction answer, local synovial joints are produced by arbitrators, in that case which cell are responsible to RA? consequently, all used alienate rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane Brennan et, mono-nuclear cells to distinguish between the presence on o ne of a kind cytokines in the RA of pathology Table 1. Shows the presence of cytokines in RA synovial cells are listed below. Spontaneously produced cytokines by RA Profile of Arthritis Cytokine IL-1ÃŽÂ ² IL-1RA LT IL-2 IL-3 IL-12 MIP-3ÃŽÂ ± IL-17 IL-23 TNFÃŽÂ ± TGFÃŽÂ ² IFNT PDGF-A PDGF-B RANTES G-CSF GM-CSF TGFB Abbreviations of protein has been proved: TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; IL-1ÃŽÂ ², Interleukin-1 beta; IL-1RA, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist; LT, lymphotoxin; MIP-3ÃŽÂ ±, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 alpha; TGFÃŽÂ ², Transforming Growth Factor beta-1; TNFÃŽÂ ±, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; IFNT, interferon gamma; PDGF-A, platelet derived growth factor alpha, PDGF-B; RANTES, regulated on activation normal T expressed and secretion; G-CSF, granulocytes colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocytes macrophages colony stimulating factor; TGFB, transforming factor beta. TNF alpha and IL-1 are vital in mediating irritation in RA. Randomized section II and III clinical trials of anti-TNF reagents (infliximab and etanercept) have validated a suitable safety profile and marked medical efficacy in instances of RA that have no longer replied thoroughly to conventional therapy. One anti-TNF reagent has already been approved within the U.S. for the remedy of RA, and other cytokine antagonists or agonists are under improvement. Experimental findings in TNF-deficient mouse fashions advocate that TNF inhibitors may also trade the sickness process of RA and bring about the ability of immunological remission, elevating the possibility of a treatment excursion of TNF inhibitors after in depth treatment. References    Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Maini RN. 2002. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8717520. [Accessed 8 December 2016]. McCann, William. 2008. The role of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234247. [Accessed 15 December 2016]. Genetics Home Reference. 2017. rheumatoid arthritis Genetics Home Reference. [ONLINE] Available at: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis. [Accessed 22 January 2017]. Next stage of RA treatment: is TNF inhibitor-free remission a possible treatment goal? Tanaka Annals of the Rheumatic Disease. 2017. Next stage of RA treatment: is TNF inhibitor-free remission a possible treatment goal? Tanaka Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. [ONLINE] Available at: http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2012/12/18/annrheumdis-2012-202350.abstract. [Accessed 22 January 2017]. Cytokines Rheumatoid Arthritis. 2017. Cytokines Rheumatoid Arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ebioscience.com/knowledge-center/antigen/cytokines/rheumatoid-arthritis.htm. [Accessed 22 January 2017].

Essay examples --

What drives success? Where does it come from? Can you be born into it? These are some common questions when it comes to success. Every one can has their own opinion about what success is, and also what it takes to become successful people in today’s world. That is where Malcolm Gladwell comes into play. After reading â€Å"Outliers: The Story of Success†, Gladwell has helped me view the journey to success in ways I have and haven’t heard of before. He helps you understand some complex ideas of why someone may be more successful that someone else. To me success is determined by a lot of things and there is no one thing that can make your success, you have to have multiple things that are not found in one place. There are many things that come to your mind think of when it comes to success, age would be one of the many determining factors. In the book, Gladwell used hockey as an example. Hockey is a sport dominated by Canadians. In Canada, there is a hockey deadline where if a kid is not 10 by January 1st, he has to wait until next year to begin playing. This gives a kid with a birthday before the deadline an advantage over his opponents who could only be a few months’ young than him, because he had a year more of experience. Americans’ understand this in a different way. In the United States school system you have to be 6 before a certain time of the year before you can enter kindergarten. This could be different because those who enter earlier could graduate at a younger age, those who have to wait could be more prepared for school. It depends how you look at each situation, because they all can be different. If you have every played a sport, instrument, or simply attended school then you have heard the quote â€Å"Practice makes perfect.... ...l believes that’s why we are behind educationally. I believe this is a true statement, our kids in united stated should spend more time learning than playing video games, texting, and on social media which seems to be the most popular thing these days. Success can be defined by a lot of different things, whether you are tall or short, rich or poor, your definition may be different than one of your peers. I believe there is not a â€Å"right† answer to the questions â€Å"what is success?† or â€Å"how you do you become successful?† This book really gave me a few more ways of thinking about how success comes along. Some of the things Malcolm Gladwell comes up with are extreme but there is no right or wrong answer. To me success is determined by a lot of things and there is no one thing that can make you successful, you have to have multiple things that are not found in one place.

The Enlightenment- Attitudes of Society Essay -- Essays Papers

The Enlightenment- Attitudes of Society The Enlightenment brought about fundamental changes of thought in society.1 Philosophes such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau sought changes in society for the good of humanity. In addition to basic changes in society, the enlightenment brought about changes in thought in the areas of religion and science, the government, and the view of women. During the enlightenment, basic changes occurred in society. The philosophes helped bring about freedom of thought and speech, two freedoms which we often take for granted today. People became more educated, as a "print culture" emerged. Journals, newspapers and books were beginning to be widely available to the general public. This had both negative and positive impacts. The literate and illiterate became divided, and the illiterate poor only became poorer. However, the "print culture" did create the influential social force of public opinion. Writers wrote what their audiences wanted to hear, and that translated into a governmental awareness of public opinion. Governments tried to regulate and censor books, but they could not ignore the public’s criticisms of the government. The changes in society created a general sentiment of self-interest. People wanted to promote their happiness and welfare, and they were "confident and optimistic that they could discover natural law and perfect worlds." Sometimes, there was an "exaggerated belief in the perfectibility of man," such as in the sciences, which were still in early stages.2 The conflict between religion and science was one of the major issues of the enlightenment. New theories were being developed (like Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation) which went against the teachings of the c... ... thought were developed, governments were changed, and even though the philosophes were not really feminists, society’s views of women were changed, with the help of Mary Wollstonecraft. End notes 1. Snyder, Louis L. The Age of Reason. (NY: VanNostrand Reinhold Co, 1955), 13. 2. Snyder, 8. 3. Snyder, 8-11. 4. Scheider, Isidor. The Enlightenment: Culture of the 18th Century, (NY: George Braziller, Inc, 1965), 19. 5. Cody, David. "Deism." The Victorian Web. http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/religion/deism.html. (10 April 00). 6. Susan Gubar, "Feminist Misogyny: Mary Wollstonecraft and the Paradox of 'It Takes One to Know One," Feminist Studies, 20 (Fall 94): 455. 7. D.R. Woolf, "A Feminine Past? Gender, Genre and Historical Knowledge in England, 1500- 1800." American Historical Review, 102 (June 97), 667-668.